# Publications in 1952

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A. L. Hodgkin, Andrew Huxley

A. M. Turing

Michael Somogyi

Roland F. Beers, Irwin W. Sizer

An optimum method of coding an ensemble of messages consisting of a finite number of members is developed. A minimum-redundancy code is one constructed in such a way that the average number of coding digits per message is minimized.

An iterative algorithm is given for solving a system Ax=k of n linear equations in n unknowns. The solution is given in n steps. It is shown that this method is a special case of a very general method which also includes Gaussian elimination. These general...

Liese L. Abell, Betty B. Levy, Bernard B. Brodie, Forrest E. Kendall

A theory is initiated, based on the equations of motion of a gas, for the purpose of estimating the sound radiated from a fluid flow, with rigid boundaries, which as a result of instability contains regular fluctuations or turbulence. The sound field...

When the potential - volume curve obtained during potentiometric titrations shows only a small potential change at the end-point, it has been customary to plot a deltaE/deltaV - volume curve and to take the peak of this curve as the equivalent point....

Relationships between a listener's identification of a spoken vowel and its properties as revealed from acoustic measurement of its sound wave have been a subject of study by many investigators. Both the utterance and the identification of a vowel involve...

This paper presents a general technique for the treatment of samples drawn without replacement from finite universes when unequal selection probabilities are used. Two sampling schemes are discussed in connection with the problem of determining optimum...

Describes the characteristics of a variety of diseases of swine, and methods for their prevention and treatment.

Theoretical and practical evidence is put forward to show that copolymers can be treated like solutions of small molecules in the interpretation of packing phenomena, and that ideal volume-additivity of the repeating units in copolymers is frequently...

William Shockley, W. T. Read

The percentage hypsometric curve (area-altitude curve) relates horizontal cross-sectional area of a drainage basin to relative elevation above basin mouth. By use of dimensionless parameters, curves can be described and compared irrespective of true scale....

A. L. Kroeber, Clyde Kluckhohn

The statistical problem treated is that of testing the hypothesis that $n$ independent, identically distributed random variables have a specified continuous distribution function F(x). If F_n(x) is the empirical cumulative distribution function and \psi(t)...

Frederick G. Mann, B.C. Saunders

O. H. Brownlee, Tjalling C. Koopmans

A. C. Schaeffer

Introduction, 545. — I. A simple model, 545. — II. Some consequences of the analysis, 549. — III. The simple model and reality, 552.

J. H. Van De Kamer, K. W. Gerritsma, E. J. Wansink

The existing theories of the resistivity of mixtures assume regular arrangements of the two components, rather than random mixtures. A theory for a random mixture is given, based on the assumption that each crystal acts as if surrounded by a homogeneous...

We have made use of a semiempirical treatment to calculate the energies of the molecular orbitals for the ground state and the first few excited states of permanganate, chromate, and perchlorate ions. The calculation of the excitation energies is in agreement...

A. R. Clapham, T. G. Tutin, Erik Warburg

A. D. Hershey, M. S. Chase

Ralph Allan Bradley, Milton E. Terry

Joshua Lederberg, Esther M. Lederberg

In the search for a quantitative correlation between reactivity and electronic configuration of aromatic hydrocarbons, the electron density, at each carbon atom, of the highest occupied π‐orbital in the ground state of the molecule is calculated by...

Harry M. Markowitz

Multidimensional scaling: I. Theory and method

Gerard Debreu

A. L. Hodgkin, Andrew Huxley

Tables for Convenient Calculation of Median-Effective Dose (LD 50 or ED 50 ) and Instructions in Their Use

George Mandler, Seymour B. Sarason

Acheson J. Duncan

T.D. Lee, F.E. Low, David Pines

J. Kiefer, J. Wolfowitz

This paper examines the conditions for instability of plastic strain under plane stress for a material conforming to the Mises-Hencky yield condition and strain-hardening according to a unique relationship between root-mean-square values of shear stress...

Robert Briggs, T. J. King

Egon Brunswik

Jan Tinbergen

The semiclassical Franck‐Condon principle is shown to be related to the more rigorous (exact'') quantum‐mechanical perturbation formula in the following ways: (1) the Franck‐Condon formula can be derived from the exact'' formula by using a mean...

J. Lodder, Acomina, N. J. W. Kreger-Van Rij

Edwin B. Newman, John A. McGeoch, Arthur L. Irion

W. B. Turrill, E. Milne-Redhead

Vibrational relaxation times in gases are calculated with the method of Zener using an exponential repulsion in a one‐dimensional model. The constants of the interaction potential are determined by fitting it to the data of Hirschfelder, et al. The...

A. L. Hodgkin, Andrew Huxley

J. G. Semple, G. T. Kneebone

Charles E. Osgood

Albert B. Sabin

W. E. Trevelyan, J. S. Harrison

F. H. A. Marshall

Nancy Bayley, Samuel R. Pinneau

Karl Mannheim, Paul Kecskemeti

An explanation is given of the dependence of the relative viscosity on the size distribution of the suspended spheres, an effect recently observed by Ward and Whitmore.(1) It is shown theoretically that if the spheres are of very diverse sizes, the relative...

Mildred Trotter, Goldine Gleser

Clyde E. Noble

A new type of single-sideband transmitter is described which does not require the use of linear radio-frequency amplifiers. Amplification is accomplished by a process in which the phase-modulation component of the single-sideband wave is amplified by...

T. F. Rodger

To discover the physiological basis of variation in crop yield, it is necessary to supplement laboratory studies by direct observations on crops growing in field conditions, measuring the simultaneous changes with time throughout the growth period in...

The steric and pressure effects associated with the recombination of free radicals both depend on the nature of the activated complex, and are therefore intimately related. From a consideration of the reverse process of unimolecular dissociation, some...

Hildegard E. Peplau

I. N. Herstein, John Milnor

Alexander Faickney Osborn

The solidification rate of supercooled liquidmercurydroplets is strongly dependent upon the nature of foreign substances on their surface or suspended in them. Droplets (2–8 microns diameter) coated with mercury laurate solidify at rates that are proportional...

To place geomorphology upon sound foundations for quantitative research into fundamental principles, it is proposed that geomorphic processes be treated as gravitational or molecular shear stresses acting upon elastic, plastic, or fluid earth materials...

The theory for a new form of transistor is presented. This transistor is of the "field-effect" type in which the conductivity of a layer of semiconductor is modulated by a transverse electric field. Since the amplifying action involves currents carried...

This chapter deals with the absorption spectra of proteins and amino acids. The colored proteins are conjugated proteins in which the protein carrier is colorless. This transparency of protein solutions extends into the ultraviolet region of the spectrum...

John Emmett Burke, David J. Turnbull

A study was made to explain the different behaviour of animal and of vegetal polyphenol-oxidases on monohydric- and dihydric-phenols. 1. 1. It was found that the first phase of the tyrosine oxidation (the transformation of tyrosine in Dopa) is considerably...

Since 1948, when the Weather Bureau discontinued the practice of publishing interpolated precipitation data, monthly and annual totals have been omitted from its publications whenever any portion of the record was missing. In view of objections by the...

Genetic investigations with many different bacteria have revealed parallelisms and some contrasts with the biology of higher forms. The successful application of selective enrichment techniques to the study of gene recombination in Escherichia coli (Tatum...

C. M. Johnson, H. Nishita

To the Editor:— I have read in the May 10 issue of The Journal, page 169, the editorial entitled "Eradication of Malaria." I should like to congratulate you on the excellence of this editorial, which is in keeping with editorials on the same subject...

Gottlob Frege, P. T. Geach, Max Black

H. A. Borthwick, S. B. Hendricks, M. W. Parker, E. H. Toole, Vivian K. Toole

Richard Courant, Eugene Isaacson, Mina Rees

Roman Jakobson, Gunnar Fant, Morris Halle

Mortimer Mishkin, Donald G. Forgays

In April 1952, at the central gymnastic Institute (for the first time at this institute), P. – O. Astrand defended a thesis in order to gain the Doctor of medicine degree. This thesis is of great interest and the author´s summary of that part of the...

Henry A. Lardy, Harlene Wellman

G. B. Whitham

J. Bigeleisen, M.L. Perlman, H.C. Prosser

Emanuel Epstein, C. E. Hagen

E. C. Faust

Elementary analyses of the mean patterns of free convection from a line source and a point source are presented without regard to the specific means by which the gravitational action is produced. The derived functional relationships are then verified...

The matrix elements of spin‐orbit interaction are obtained for polyatomic molecules using M.O. wave functions, taking account of configurational interaction. These results are then applied to the calculation of singlet‐triplet transition probabilities...

The paramagnetic resonance spectrum of copper acetate is anomalous in that it resembles that of an ion of spin 1, and its intensity decreases as the temperature is lowered. The latter is correlated with the decreasing susceptibility found by Guha (1951)....

Bjarni Jonnson, Alfred Tarski

THE purpose of this report is to describe the successful use in 2 patients of a quick, simple, effective and safe method of arousing the heart from ventricular standstill by an artificial, external, electric pacemaker. For the first time it was possible...

Chemistry and physiology of Los Angeles smog

Bruce C. Heezen, Maurice Ewing

Harold C. Urey, Serge A. Korff

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